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Understanding the Safe Drinking Water Act epfkslaguu
EPA 816-F-04-030, June 2004epfkslaguu

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Overviewepfkslaguu
Roles and responsibilitiesepfkslaguu
Protection and preventionepfkslaguu
Setting national drinking water standardsepfkslaguu
Funding and assistanceepfkslaguu
Compliance and enforcementepfkslaguu
>Public informationepfkslaguu
1996 SDWA Amendment Highlightsepfkslaguu
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Overviewepfkslaguu
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The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was originally passed by Congress in 1974 to protect public health by regulating the nation's public drinking water supply. The law was amended in 1986 and 1996 and requires many actions to protect drinking water and its sources . rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water wells. (SDWA does not regulate private wells which serve fewer than 25 individuals.) SDWA authorizes the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water. US EPA, states, and water systems then work together to make sure that these standards are met.epfkslaguu
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Millions of Americans receive high quality drinking water every day from their public water systems, (which may be publicly or privately owned). Nonetheless, drinking water safety cannot be taken for granted. There are a number of threats to drinking water: improperly disposed of chemicals; animal wastes; pesticides; human wastes; wastes injected deep underground; and naturally-occurring substances can all contaminate drinking water. Likewise, drinking water that is not properly treated or disinfected, or which travels through an improperly maintained distribution system, may also pose a health risk.epfkslaguu
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Originally, SDWA focused primarily on treatment as the means of providing safe drinking water at the tap. The 1996 amendments greatly enhanced the existing law by recognizing source water protection, operator training, funding for water system improvements, and public information as important components of safe drinking water. This approach ensures the quality of drinking water by protecting it from source to tap.epfkslaguu
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Roles and responsibilitiesepfkslaguu
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SDWA applies to every public water system in the United States. There are currently more than 160,000 public water systems providing water to almost all Americans at some time in their lives. The responsibility for making sure these public water systems provide safe drinking water is divided among US EPA, states, tribes, water systems, and the public. SDWA provides a framework in which these parties work together to protect this valuable resource.epfkslaguu
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US EPA sets national standards for drinking water based on sound science to protect against health risks, considering available technology and costs. These National Primary Drinking Water Regulations set enforceable maximum contaminant levels for particular contaminants in drinking water or required ways to treat water to remove contaminants. Each standard also includes requirements for water systems to test for contaminants in the water to make sure standards are achieved. In addition to setting these standards, US EPA provides guidance, assistance, and public information about drinking water, collects drinking water data, and oversees state drinking water programs. epfkslaguu
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The most direct oversight of water systems is conducted by state drinking water programs. States can apply to US EPA for "primacy," the authority to implement SDWA within their jurisdictions, if they can show that they will adopt standards at least as stringent as US EPA's and make sure water systems meet these standards. All states and territories, except Wyoming and the District of Columbia, have received primacy. While no Indian tribe has yet applied for and received primacy, four tribes currently receive "treatment as a state" status, and are eligible for primacy. States, or US EPA acting as a primacy agent, make sure water systems test for contaminants, review plans for water system improvements, conduct on-site inspections and sanitary surveys, provide training and technical assistance, and take action against water systems not meeting standards.epfkslaguu
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To ensure that drinking water is safe, SDWA sets up multiple barriers against pollution. These barriers include: source water protection, treatment, distribution system integrity, and public information. Public water systems are responsible for ensuring that contaminants in tap water do not exceed the standards. Water systems treat the water, and must test their water frequently for specified contaminants and report the results to states. If a water system is not meeting these standards, it is the water supplier's responsibility to notify its customers. Many water suppliers now are also required to prepare annual reports for their customers. The public is responsible for helping local water suppliers to set priorities, make decisions on funding and system improvements, and establish programs to protect drinking water sources. Water systems across the nation rely on citizen advisory committees, rate boards, volunteers, and civic leaders to actively protect this resource in every community in America.epfkslaguu
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Protection and preventionepfkslaguu
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Essential components of safe drinking water include protection and prevention. States and water suppliers must conduct assessments of water sources to see where they may be vulnerable to contamination. Water systems may also voluntarily adopt programs to protect their watershed or wellhead and states can use legal authorities from other laws to prevent pollution. SDWA mandates that states have programs to certify water system operators and make sure that new water systems have the technical, financial, and managerial capacity to provide safe drinking water. SDWA also sets a framework for the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program to control the injection of wastes into ground water. US EPA and states implement the UIC program, which sets standards for safe waste injection practices and bans certain types of injection altogether. All of these programs help prevent the contamination of drinking water.epfkslaguu
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Setting national drinking water standardsepfkslaguu
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US EPA sets national standards for tap water which help ensure consistent quality in our nation's water supply. US EPA prioritizes contaminants for potential regulation based on risk and how often they occur in water supplies. (To aid in this effort, certain water systems monitor for the presence of contaminants for which no national standards currently exist and collect information on their occurrence). US EPA sets a health goal based on risk (including risks to the most sensitive people, e.g., infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and the immuno-compromised). US EPA then sets a legal limit for the contaminant in drinking water or a required treatment technique . this limit or treatment technique is set to be as close to the health goal as feasible. US EPA also performs a cost-benefit analysis and obtains input from interested parties when setting standards. US EPA is currently evaluating the risks from several specific health concerns, including: microbial contaminants (e.g., Cryptosporidium); the byproducts of drinking water disinfection; radon; arsenic; and water systems that don't currently disinfect their water but get it from a potentially vulnerable ground water source.epfkslaguu
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Funding and assistanceepfkslaguu
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US EPA provides grants to implement state drinking water programs, and to help each state set up a special fund to assist public water systems in financing the costs of improvements (called the drinking water state revolving fund). Small water systems are given special consideration, since small systems may have a more difficult time paying for system improvements due to their smaller customer base. Accordingly, US EPA and states provide them with extra assistance (including training and funding) as well as allowing, on a caseby- case basis, alternate water treatments that are less expensive, but still protective of public health.epfkslaguu
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Compliance and enforcementepfkslaguu
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National drinking water standards are legally enforceable, which means that both US EPA and states can take enforcement actions against water systems not meeting safety standards. US EPA and states may issue administrative orders, take legal actions, or fine utilities. US EPA and states also work to increase water systems. understanding of, and compliance with, standards.epfkslaguu
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Public informationepfkslaguu
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SDWA recognizes that since everyone drinks water, everyone has the right to know what's in it and where it comes from. All water suppliers must notify consumers quickly when there is a serious problem with water quality. Water systems serving the same people year-round must provide annual consumer confidence reports on the source and quality of their tap water. States and US EPA must prepare annual summary reports of water system compliance with drinking water safety standards and make these reports available to the public. The public must have a chance to be involved in developing source water assessment programs, state plans to use drinking water state revolving loan funds, state capacity development plans, and state operator certification programs.epfkslaguu
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1996 SDWA Amendment Highlightsepfkslaguu
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Consumer Confidence Reportsepfkslaguu
All community water systems must prepare and distribute annual reports about the water they provide, including information on detected contaminants, possible health effects, and the water's source. epfkslaguu
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Cost-Benefit Analysisepfkslaguu
US EPA must conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis for every new standard to determine whether the benefits of a drinking water standard justify the costs. epfkslaguu
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Drinking Water State Revolving Fundepfkslaguu
States can use this fund to help water systems make infrastructure or management improvements or to help systems assess and protect their source water. epfkslaguu
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Microbial Contaminants and Disinfection Byproductsepfkslaguu
US EPA is required to strengthen protection for microbial contaminants, including Cryptosporidium, while strengthening control over the byproducts of chemical disinfection. The Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule together address these risks. epfkslaguu
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Operator Certificationepfkslaguu
Water system operators must be certified to ensure that systems are operated safely. US EPA issued guidelines in February 1999 specifying minimum standards for the certification and recertification of the operators of community and non-transient, noncommunity water systems. These guidelines apply to state Operator Certification Programs. All States are currently implementing EPA-approved operator certification programs. epfkslaguu
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Public Information & Consultationepfkslaguu
SDWA emphasizes that consumers have a right to know what is in their drinking water, where it comes from, how it is treated, and how to help protect it. US EPA distributes public information materials (through its Safe Drinking Water Hotline, Safewater web site, and Water Resource Center) and holds public meetings, working with states, tribes, water systems, and environmental and civic groups, to encourage public involvement. epfkslaguu
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Small Water Systemsepfkslaguu
Small water systems are given special consideration and resources under SDWA, to make sure they have the managerial, financial, and technical ability to comply with drinking water standards. epfkslaguu
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Source Water Assessment Programsepfkslaguu
Every state must conduct an assessment of its sources of drinking water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water wells) to identify significant potential sources of contamination and to determine how susceptible the sources are to these threats.epfkslaguu
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from: http://www.epa.gov/safewater/sdwa/30th/factsheets/understand.htmlepfkslaguu
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参考译文 by googleepfkslaguu
Understanding the Safe Drinking Water Act了解安全饮用水法案 epfkslaguu
EPA 816-F-04-030环保局816- F- 04 - 030 epfkslaguu
June 2004 2004年6月 epfkslaguu
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Overview 概况 epfkslaguu
Roles and responsibilities 角色和责任 epfkslaguu
Protection and prevention 保护和预防 epfkslaguu
Setting national drinking water standards 制定国家饮用水标准 epfkslaguu
Funding and assistance 资金和援助 epfkslaguu
Compliance and enforcement 遵守和执法 epfkslaguu
>Public information >公共信息 epfkslaguu
1996 SDWA Amendment Highlights 1996年sdwa修订聚焦 epfkslaguu
For more information 更多信息 epfkslaguu
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Overview概况 epfkslaguu
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The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was originally passed by Congress in 1974 to protect public health by regulating the nation's public drinking water supply.安全饮用水法案（ sdwa ）原本是美国国会通过，在1974年，以保护公众健康，规范全国的公共饮水供应。 The law was amended in 1986 and 1996 and requires many actions to protect drinking water and its sources .该法修订，在1986年至1996年，并规定了许多行动，以保护饮用水及其来源。 rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water wells.河流，湖泊，水库，泉水，地下水井。 (SDWA does not regulate private wells which serve fewer than 25 individuals.) SDWA authorizes the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water. （ sdwa并不规管私人水井服务不到25个人） 。 sdwa授权美国环境保护局（美国环保局） ，以订定国家卫生标准的饮用水，以保障对双方自然发生的和人为制造的污染物可以发现，在饮用水。 US EPA, states, and water systems then work together to make sure that these standards are met.美国环保局，州和供水系统，然后一起工作，以确保这些标准得到满足。 epfkslaguu
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Millions of Americans receive high quality drinking water every day from their public water systems, (which may be publicly or privately owned).数百万的美国人得到高品质的饮用水，每天从他们的公共供水系统， （可能是公有或私有） 。 Nonetheless, drinking water safety cannot be taken for granted.尽管如此，饮水安全，不能视为理所当然。 There are a number of threats to drinking water: improperly disposed of chemicals; animal wastes; pesticides; human wastes; wastes injected deep underground; and naturally-occurring substances can all contaminate drinking water.有一些威胁饮用水：处理不当的化学品;动物废弃物;农药;人类废弃物;废料注入地下深层;与自然发生的物质都可以污染饮用水。 Likewise, drinking water that is not properly treated or disinfected, or which travels through an improperly maintained distribution system, may also pose a health risk.同样地，饮用水是未经妥善处理或消毒，或者乘车经过一个保养分配制度，也可能对健康造成危险。 epfkslaguu
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Originally, SDWA focused primarily on treatment as the means of providing safe drinking water at the tap.本来， sdwa主要侧重于治疗为手段，提供安全饮用水，在水龙头。 The 1996 amendments greatly enhanced the existing law by recognizing source water protection, operator training, funding for water system improvements, and public information as important components of safe drinking water. 1996年的修订，大大提高了现行法律所承认源水的保护，操作员培训，资金，为改善供水系统和公共信息作为重要的组成部分的安全饮水。 This approach ensures the quality of drinking water by protecting it from source to tap.这种方法可确保饮用水的质量，维护它，从源头可挖。 epfkslaguu
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Roles and responsibilities角色和责任 epfkslaguu
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SDWA applies to every public water system in the United States. sdwa适用于每个公共供水系统是在美国。 There are currently more than 160,000 public water systems providing water to almost all Americans at some time in their lives.目前还有16万以上的公共供水系统提供的水，几乎所有的美国人都在某个时间，在他们的生命。 The responsibility for making sure these public water systems provide safe drinking water is divided among US EPA, states, tribes, water systems, and the public.负责确保这些公共供水系统，提供安全的饮用水是分化美国环保局，国家，部落，供水系统，及公众的意见。 SDWA provides a framework in which these parties work together to protect this valuable resource. sdwa提供了一个框架，使这些缔约方共同努力保护这一宝贵的资源。 epfkslaguu
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US EPA sets national standards for drinking water based on sound science to protect against health risks, considering available technology and costs.美国环保局规定的国家标准的饮用水可靠的科学基础上，以防止健康风险，考虑到现有技术和成本。 These National Primary Drinking Water Regulations set enforceable maximum contaminant levels for particular contaminants in drinking water or required ways to treat water to remove contaminants.这些国家初级饮用水规则规定强制执行的最高含量为特定的污染物，在饮用水或规定如何看待水，以消除污染物。 Each standard also includes requirements for water systems to test for contaminants in the water to make sure standards are achieved.每个标准还包括所需的供水系统，以测试为污染物在水，以确保标准得以实现。 In addition to setting these standards, US EPA provides guidance, assistance, and public information about drinking water, collects drinking water data, and oversees state drinking water programs.除了订定这些标准，美国环保局提供指导，协助和公共信息的饮用水，收集饮用水数据，并监督国家饮用水节目。 epfkslaguu
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The most direct oversight of water systems is conducted by state drinking water programs.最直接的监督，供水系统，是由国家饮用水节目。 States can apply to US EPA for "primacy," the authority to implement SDWA within their jurisdictions, if they can show that they will adopt standards at least as stringent as US EPA's and make sure water systems meet these standards.国家可以适用于美国环保局为"至高无上"的权力，以贯彻sdwa在其管辖范围内，如果他们能证明他们会采取什么标准，至少要严格，美国环保局的，并确保供水系统符合这些标准。 All states and territories, except Wyoming and the District of Columbia, have received primacy.所有国家和地区，除怀俄明州和哥伦比亚特区的，已收到的首要地位。 While no Indian tribe has yet applied for and received primacy, four tribes currently receive "treatment as a state" status, and are eligible for primacy.虽然没有印第安部落还没有申请，并获得至高无上，四个部落，目前正在接受"治疗是一个国家"地位，并有资格的首要地位。 States, or US EPA acting as a primacy agent, make sure water systems test for contaminants, review plans for water system improvements, conduct on-site inspections and sanitary surveys, provide training and technical assistance, and take action against water systems not meeting standards.国家，即美国环保局代理作为首要剂时，要确保水利系统测试污染物，审查计划，为改善供水系统，进行现场检查和卫生调查，提供培训和技术援助，并采取行动对付供水系统不符合标准。 epfkslaguu
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To ensure that drinking water is safe, SDWA sets up multiple barriers against pollution.以确保饮用水安全， sdwa设立多种屏障，防止污染。 These barriers include: source water protection, treatment, distribution system integrity, and public information.这些障碍包括：源水的保护，处理，分配制度的完整性和公共信息。 Public water systems are responsible for ensuring that contaminants in tap water do not exceed the standards.公共用水系统负责确保污染物，自来水中不超过标准。 Water systems treat the water, and must test their water frequently for specified contaminants and report the results to states.水系统处理的水，并要测试自己的水经常为特定污染物，并报告结果。 If a water system is not meeting these standards, it is the water supplier's responsibility to notify its customers.如果一个水系统，是不符合这些标准，它是水供应商的责任，通知其客户。 Many water suppliers now are also required to prepare annual reports for their customers.许多水供应商，现在也需要编制年度报告，为他们的客户。 The public is responsible for helping local water suppliers to set priorities, make decisions on funding and system improvements, and establish programs to protect drinking water sources.市民是负责帮助当地水供应商订定优先次序，作决策，对资金和系统改进，并制定方案，以保护饮用水源。 Water systems across the nation rely on citizen advisory committees, rate boards, volunteers, and civic leaders to actively protect this resource in every community in America.水利系统在全国依靠公民咨询委员会，为董事会，志愿者，和民间领袖，以积极保护这一资源，在每一个社区在美国。 epfkslaguu
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Protection and prevention保护和预防 epfkslaguu
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Essential components of safe drinking water include protection and prevention.必不可少的组成部分，安全的饮用水，包括保护和预防。 States and water suppliers must conduct assessments of water sources to see where they may be vulnerable to contamination.各国和水的供应商，必须进行评估的水源地看到，他们可能会受到污染。 Water systems may also voluntarily adopt programs to protect their watershed or wellhead and states can use legal authorities from other laws to prevent pollution.供水系统也可以自愿采用程式，以保护他们的分水岭或井口及各国可利用法律授权，由其他法律，以防止污染。 SDWA mandates that states have programs to certify water system operators and make sure that new water systems have the technical, financial, and managerial capacity to provide safe drinking water. sdwa任务，国家有专门的程序，以证明水系统经营者，并确保新的供水系统，有技术，资金和管理能力，能够提供安全的饮用水。 SDWA also sets a framework for the Underground Injection Control (UIC) program to control the injection of wastes into ground water. sdwa还列出了一个框架，为地下喷射控制（金融情报室）计划，以控制注射的废弃物进入地下水。 US EPA and states implement the UIC program, which sets standards for safe waste injection practices and bans certain types of injection altogether.美国环保局和国家实施金融情报室程序，其中规定的标准，安全的废料注射做法，并禁止某些类型的注射液总共。 All of these programs help prevent the contamination of drinking water.所有这些节目有助于防止污染的饮用水。 epfkslaguu
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制定国家饮用水标准 epfkslaguu
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US EPA sets national standards for tap water which help ensure consistent quality in our nation's water supply.美国环保局规定的国家标准的自来水，这有助于确保品质稳定，在我们国家和民族的食水供应。 US EPA prioritizes contaminants for potential regulation based on risk and how often they occur in water supplies.美国环保局优先污染物为潜在的规例的基础上的风险，以及如何，他们往往发生在水电供应。 (To aid in this effort, certain water systems monitor for the presence of contaminants for which no national standards currently exist and collect information on their occurrence). （以援助在这方面的努力，一定供水系统监测，为在场的污染物，而没有国家标准，目前存在的，并收集资料，就其发生） 。 US EPA sets a health goal based on risk (including risks to the most sensitive people, e.g., infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly, and the immuno-compromised).美国环保局树立了一个健康的目标，基于风险（包括风险，以最敏感的人，例如，婴幼儿，儿童，孕妇，老人和免疫能力） 。 US EPA then sets a legal limit for the contaminant in drinking water or a required treatment technique .美国环保局，然后订出一个法律限制，为污染物在饮水或需处理技术。 this limit or treatment technique is set to be as close to the health goal as feasible.这种限制或处理技术是必须尽可能接近的健康为目标，可行的。 US EPA also performs a cost-benefit analysis and obtains input from interested parties when setting standards.美国环保局也有不俗表现进行成本效益分析，并取得投入有兴趣的时候，订定标准。 US EPA is currently evaluating the risks from several specific health concerns, including: microbial contaminants (e.g., Cryptosporidium); the byproducts of drinking water disinfection; radon; arsenic; and water systems that don't currently disinfect their water but get it from a potentially vulnerable ground water source.美国环保局目前正在评估风险，从几个具体的健康问题，包括：微生物污染物（例如，隐孢子虫） ;副产品饮用水消毒;氡;砷;和供水系统目前不消毒，他们的水，但得到它从一个潜在的脆弱的地下水源。 epfkslaguu
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Funding and assistance资金和援助 epfkslaguu
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US EPA provides grants to implement state drinking water programs, and to help each state set up a special fund to assist public water systems in financing the costs of improvements (called the drinking water state revolving fund).美国环保局提供赠款，以贯彻国家饮用水项目，并帮助每个国家设立专项基金，以协助公共供水系统的融资成本，改善（所谓的饮用水国家周转基金） 。 Small water systems are given special consideration, since small systems may have a more difficult time paying for system improvements due to their smaller customer base.小型水利系统给予特殊考虑，因为小系统可能有更艰苦的时期，支付系统的改进，由于其较小的客户群。 Accordingly, US EPA and states provide them with extra assistance (including training and funding) as well as allowing, on a caseby- case basis, alternate water treatments that are less expensive, but still protective of public health.因此，美国环保局和国家为他们提供额外的援助（包括培训和资金） ，以及允许，就案案的基础上，候补水的治疗费用较低，但仍注重保护公众健康。 epfkslaguu
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Compliance and enforcement遵守和执法 epfkslaguu
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National drinking water standards are legally enforceable, which means that both US EPA and states can take enforcement actions against water systems not meeting safety standards.国家饮用水标准，是法律上可执行的，这意味着美国环保局和国家可以采取执法行动，打击水系统不符合安全标准。 US EPA and states may issue administrative orders, take legal actions, or fine utilities.美国环保局和国家可发出行政命令，采取法律行动，或罚款水电费。 US EPA and states also work to increase water systems.美国环保局和国家还努力增加供水系统。 understanding of, and compliance with, standards.了解和遵守的标准。 epfkslaguu
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Public information公共信息 epfkslaguu
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SDWA recognizes that since everyone drinks water, everyone has the right to know what's in it and where it comes from. sdwa认识到，既然大家喝的水，每个人都有权知道发生了什么，在它从哪里来，到哪里去。 All water suppliers must notify consumers quickly when there is a serious problem with water quality.所有水供应商必须通知消费者时，会很快地是一个严重的问题，与水质。 Water systems serving the same people year-round must provide annual consumer confidence reports on the source and quality of their tap water.供水系统的服务同样是这些人全年无休，必须提供每年一次的消费者信心报告中，对来源和质量，他们的自来水。 States and US EPA must prepare annual summary reports of water system compliance with drinking water safety standards and make these reports available to the public.国和美国环保局必须做好年度总结报告的水系统遵守饮用水安全标准，使这些报告提供给公众。 The public must have a chance to be involved in developing source water assessment programs, state plans to use drinking water state revolving loan funds, state capacity development plans, and state operator certification programs.市民一定能有机会参与开发源水评估方案，国家计划用饮用水国家周转贷款基金，国家能力的发展计划，国家运营商的认证项目。 epfkslaguu
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1996 SDWA Amendment Highlights 1996年sdwa修订聚焦 epfkslaguu
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Consumer Confidence Reports 消费者信心指数报告 epfkslaguu
All community water systems must prepare and distribute annual reports about the water they provide, including information on detected contaminants, possible health effects, and the water's source.所有社区供水系统必须做好准备，并派发年度报告中对水，他们提供的资料，包括关于检测污染物，可能对健康的影响，以及水的来源。 epfkslaguu
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Cost-Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析 epfkslaguu
US EPA must conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis for every new standard to determine whether the benefits of a drinking water standard justify the costs.美国环保局必须进行彻底的成本效益分析，为每一个新的标准，以确定是否受益于一个饮用水标准的辩护费用。 epfkslaguu
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Drinking Water State Revolving Fund 饮用水国家周转基金 epfkslaguu
States can use this fund to help water systems make infrastructure or management improvements or to help systems assess and protect their source water.国家可以利用这个基金，以协助供水系统，使基础设施或管理改善或帮助系统进行评估和保护自己的源水。 epfkslaguu
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Microbial Contaminants and Disinfection Byproducts 微生物污染物和消毒副产物 epfkslaguu
US EPA is required to strengthen protection for microbial contaminants, including Cryptosporidium , while strengthening control over the byproducts of chemical disinfection.美国环保局规定，以加强保护微生物污染物，其中包括隐孢子虫 ，同时加强对控制权的副产品的化学消毒。 The Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule together address these risks.第1阶段消毒剂和消毒副产物规则和临时加强地表水治则共同应对这些风险。 epfkslaguu
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Operator Certification 运营商认证 epfkslaguu
Water system operators must be certified to ensure that systems are operated safely.水利系统经营者必须认证，以确保系统的安全运行。 US EPA issued guidelines in February 1999 specifying minimum standards for the certification and recertification of the operators of community and non-transient, noncommunity water systems.美国环保局发出指引，在1999年2月，指明最低标准认证和重新对经营者的社会和非瞬态， noncommunity供水系统。 These guidelines apply to state Operator Certification Programs.这些准则适用于国家运营商的认证项目。 All States are currently implementing EPA-approved operator certification programs.所有国家目前正在实施环保局批准的运营商的认证项目。 epfkslaguu
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Public Information & Consultation 公共资讯及谘询 epfkslaguu
SDWA emphasizes that consumers have a right to know what is in their drinking water, where it comes from, how it is treated, and how to help protect it. sdwa强调消费者有权利知道什么是对他们的饮用水，从哪里来，到哪里去，它是如何对待，如何让保护它。 US EPA distributes public information materials (through its Safe Drinking Water Hotline, Safewater web site, and Water Resource Center) and holds public meetings, working with states, tribes, water systems, and environmental and civic groups, to encourage public involvement.美国环保局派发宣传材料（通过其安全饮用水热线， safewater网站，并在水资源中心） ，并举行公开会议，与各国，各部落，供水系统，以及环境和社会团体，以鼓励市民积极参与。 epfkslaguu
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Small Water Systems 小型供水系统 epfkslaguu
Small water systems are given special consideration and resources under SDWA, to make sure they have the managerial, financial, and technical ability to comply with drinking water standards.小型水利系统给予特殊考虑和资源下sdwa ，以确保他们有管理，金融和技术能力，以符合饮用水标准。 epfkslaguu
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Source Water Assessment Programs 源水评估方案 epfkslaguu
Every state must conduct an assessment of its sources of drinking water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ground water wells) to identify significant potential sources of contamination and to determine how susceptible the sources are to these threats.每一个国家都必须进行评估，其来源的饮用水（河流，湖泊，水库，泉水，地下水井） ，以找出重要的潜在污染物的来源，并确定如何易感来源是向这些威胁。