转自WRDMAP官方网站PPT文件xdcyuaq
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IWRMxdcyuaq
水资源综合管理xdcyuaq
Water Resources Demand Management Assistance Projectxdcyuaq
Integrated Water Resources Managementxdcyuaq
IWRM and WRDMAP?xdcyuaq
水资源需求管理援助项目xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理xdcyuaq
IWRM和WRDMAP?xdcyuaq
Worried about IWRM and WRDMAP?xdcyuaq
•Fear of the seemingly unknown?xdcyuaq
•Fear of change?xdcyuaq
•Fear of not understanding?xdcyuaq
•Fear of talking to others about what you are uncertain about?xdcyuaq
•IWRM seems to be all words and no calculation? A problem for us engineers?xdcyuaq
担心IWRM和WRDMAP?xdcyuaq
•害怕表面上未知？xdcyuaq
•害怕改变？xdcyuaq
•害怕不理解？xdcyuaq
•害怕告诉他人你不确定的事物？xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理似乎全是描述而没有计算？对我们工程师来说是个问题？xdcyuaq
Do we have a ‘fear’ of promoting IWRM?xdcyuaq
•IWRM is indeed a ‘philosophy’ !xdcyuaq
•IWRM is about change… something few people really like!xdcyuaq
•There are few calculations associated with IWRM!xdcyuaq
•IWRM is a long process and needs commitment!xdcyuaq
•IWRM offers a guiding conceptual framework rather than a concrete blue-print! …xdcyuaq
•IWRM requires good communication.. ..and participation /involvement of othersxdcyuaq
我们“害怕”促进水资源综合管理么？xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理真正是一种“哲学”！xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理需要转变…很少人真正喜欢！xdcyuaq
•与水资源综合管理相关的计算很少！xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理是一个长期的过程，需要承诺！xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理提供一个指导性基本概念，而不是具体的方案！…xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理需要良好的沟通……以及他人的参与/投入xdcyuaq
What change is required in WRM?xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理需要怎样的改变？xdcyuaq
IWRM Reminder…..xdcyuaq
•The basis of Integrated Water resources Management (IWRM) is that different uses of water are inter-dependent.xdcyuaq
•Integrated water resources management is a systematic process for the sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resource use in the context of social, economic and environmental objectives. xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理提示…..xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理（IWRM）建立在不同用水是相互依赖的这一基础之上。xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理是综合社会、经济和环境目标，为达到可持续发展、分配和监测水资源利用的一个系统过程。xdcyuaq
What does IWRM really mean?xdcyuaq
•Implementing IWRM does not for example require that a new super-ministry be created.xdcyuaq
•What it does demand is that people try to change their working practices to look at the bigger picture that surrounds their actions and to realise that these do not occur independently of the actions of others.xdcyuaq
•It also seeks to introduce an element of decentralised democracy into how water is managed, with its emphasis on stakeholder participation and decision making at the lowest appropriate level. xdcyuaq
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水资源综合管理真正意味着什么？xdcyuaq
•举例来说，实现水资源综合管理并不需要新建一个超级部委。xdcyuaq
•它所需要的是，人们设法改变自己的工作方式，以更广阔的视角看待他们工作之外的整体部分，并且认识到自己的工作是不能脱离他人工作而独立存在的。xdcyuaq
•它也试图在水资源的管理中引入一些分散的民主，强调利益相关者的参与和在可能的最低层级的决策。 xdcyuaq
And as GWP says:xdcyuaq
“IWRM is a challenge to conventional practices, attitudes and professional certainties. It confronts entrenched sectoral interests and requires that the water resource is managed holistically for the benefits of all. No one pretends that meeting the IWRM challenge will be easy but it is vital that a start is made now to avert the burgeoning crisis.” xdcyuaq
就如全球水伙伴所述：xdcyuaq
“水资源综合管理是对常规管理、态度、专业必然性的一个挑战。它面对不易更改的部门利益，要求考虑所有部门利益，全盘管理水资源。没有人认为面对水资源综合管理的挑战是件容易的事，但是最重要的是，为了避免正在萌芽的危机，水资源综合管理的开端已经建立。”xdcyuaq
IWRM and China… the foundations for the process is being established?xdcyuaq
•2002 Water Law;xdcyuaq
•River Basin Organisations;xdcyuaq
•Campaign (started 2000) for IMT and creation of more WUAs;xdcyuaq
•Adoption and promotion of a Water Saving Society;xdcyuaq
•New State Council Decree 460.. Rights etc;xdcyuaq
•Greater role and power of the EPBs.xdcyuaq
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水资源综合管理和中国…是否为水资源管理过程建立了基础？xdcyuaq
•2002 年《水法》；xdcyuaq
•流域机构；xdcyuaq
•灌溉管理权转让及建立更多的用水者协会（始于2000年）；xdcyuaq
•通过并促进节水型社会的建立；xdcyuaq
•新国务院460号令…权利等；xdcyuaq
•环保局的更大作用和权力。xdcyuaq
2002 Water Law & WRDMAPxdcyuaq
Revised Water Law Streamlines Management xdcyuaq
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Under China's newly revised water law, the country's vital water resources will be brought under integrated administration and management, it was announced at a press conference yesterday in Beijing. xdcyuaq
The revised law, strategically important in the quest for sustainable development, becomes effective on October 1. Water authorities throughout China will control water supplies, the construction of key water projects, and resource distribution and planning to optimize regional water resources, control pollution and create a water-saving society, a leading water official said at the press conference. The law was revised about a month ago by the 29th session of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress, China's top legislature. Jing Zhengshu, vice-minister of water resources, made it clear at the press conference that, as of October 1, water authorities will be the "only dragon" - that is, the only boss -as far as the administration of water resources and water-related affairs is concerned. Urban citizens may also have to pay much more for the water they use because the new law allows advanced water pricing if users exceed their water quotas. Those causing water pollution or building projects in flood discharging channels will be either forced to improve the resources or remove such buildings as well as pay heavy fines of up to 100,000 yuan (US$12,048). xdcyuaq
(China Daily September 6, 2002) xdcyuaq
2002年《水法》及水资源需求管理援助项目xdcyuaq
《水法》修订案将改善管理xdcyuaq
昨天北京的记者招待会宣布，根据近期修订的中国《水法》，对重要水资源进行综合行政管理。xdcyuaq
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修订后的《水法》对可持续发展需求有重要的战略意义，将于10月1日起开始实施。水利机构领导官员在记者招待会上宣布：中国所有的水资源机构将控制供水、重要水利工程建设、资源分配、地区水资源优化规划、控制污染以及建立节水型社会。一个月前的九届人大常委会（中国最高立法机构）二十九次会议对《水法》进行了修订。水利部副部长敬正书在记者招待会上对其进行了解释：从10月1日起，有关水资源行政管理和水资源相关事务，水利机构是唯一决策者。城市居民可能要为其用水付更高的费用，因为新《水法》规定如果用水超过定额，允许制订较高水价。对造成污染的或在溢洪道中修建工程的应该强制其改善水质或拆除这类建筑，并处以100,000元（12,048美元）的重罚。xdcyuaq
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《中国日报》，2002年9月6日xdcyuaq
IWRM & P - What’s new?xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理和水资源需求管理援助项目-是否有新内容？xdcyuaq
IWRM & P is not easy…xdcyuaq
实施水资源综合管理和水资源需求管理援助项目并不容易….xdcyuaq
IWRM and WRDMAP?xdcyuaq
•IWRM principles are inherent in the design of WRDMAP…..xdcyuaq
•A major emphasis is placed on communication and dissemination;xdcyuaq
•Considerable involvement of stakeholders (multi-stakeholder for a) is required of the project with many activities at the user level (WUAs etc). A focus on poverty is inherent;xdcyuaq
•Economic and regulatory issues are key factors in most of the case studies;xdcyuaq
•Capacity building is the basis….. .xdcyuaq
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水资源综合管理和水资源需求管理援助项目?xdcyuaq
•水资源综合管理原则包含在水资源需求管理援助项目设计之中xdcyuaq
•重点强调交流沟通和宣传推广；xdcyuaq
•项目需要利益相关者（各种利益相关者）的大量参与，需要用水者一级（用水者协会等）开展许多活动。贫困问题关注将贯穿整个项目；xdcyuaq
•经济和监管方面的问题是大多数案例研究的主要因素；xdcyuaq
•能力建设是基础……xdcyuaq
Central Case Study Objectivexdcyuaq
Best practices in IWRM documented and communicated within the water sector in China through:xdcyuaq
•IWRM best practices incorporated into water sector policy, legislation and practices nationwidexdcyuaq
•Development of IWRM manualsxdcyuaq
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中央案例研究的目标xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理（IWRM）先进实用方法的文件编写和在中国水行业内的交流推广，通过以下两方面实现：xdcyuaq
•将IWRM先进实用方法纳入全国水行业政策、法规和实践中xdcyuaq
•编写IWRM手册xdcyuaq
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Central Case Study Componentsxdcyuaq
•Communication Strategyxdcyuaq
Incorporating IWRM training elementxdcyuaq
•Documentation Programmexdcyuaq
•Water Law Promotion Programmexdcyuaq
•Communication Training Programmexdcyuaq
中央案例研究的内容xdcyuaq
•交流战略xdcyuaq
结合水资源综合管理培训xdcyuaq
•文件编写计划xdcyuaq
•贯彻水法计划xdcyuaq
•交流培训计划xdcyuaq
IWRM Knowledge Dissemination Pathwaysxdcyuaq
•Training coursesxdcyuaq
•Documentationxdcyuaq
Guidelinesxdcyuaq
Manualsxdcyuaq
Reportsxdcyuaq
•Web-sitexdcyuaq
•Others?xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理知识推广途径xdcyuaq
•培训课程xdcyuaq
•文件编写xdcyuaq
指导文件xdcyuaq
手册/指南xdcyuaq
报告xdcyuaq
•网站xdcyuaq
•其它？xdcyuaq
How Do We Learn About IWRM?xdcyuaq
•Background reading, training, researchxdcyuaq
•Specific knowledge from Provincial Case Studiesxdcyuaq
•Information from work elsewhere in Chinaxdcyuaq
•Specific Research xdcyuaq
我们如何学习水资源综合管理知识？xdcyuaq
•背景资料阅读、培训和研究xdcyuaq
•从省级案例研究获取具体知识xdcyuaq
•中国其它地区工作的经验xdcyuaq
•专项研究xdcyuaq
IWRM and the CCSxdcyuaq
IWRM方法和中央案例研究xdcyuaq
IWRM Tools and the CCSxdcyuaq
IWRM方法和中央案例研究xdcyuaq
IWRM Tools and the Prov. CSsxdcyuaq
IWRM方法和省级案例研究xdcyuaq
IWRM and the Case Studiesxdcyuaq
•G1 : RBO: Stakeholder participation, improved WRAs with GW&SW jointly analysed,xdcyuaq
•G2 : WUA development, water saving in agriculture, improved permitting and water rights, cost recovery;xdcyuaq
•G3 : WUA role in water management, groundwater management;xdcyuaq
•L1 : Non-RBO: Stakeholder participation, improved WRAs,xdcyuaq
•L2 : Working of WAB and EPB in improved water quality management;xdcyuaq
•L3 : Water saving improvements in WSC by leak reduction etc, improved tariff design and procedures to make WSC more viable and responsive to consumer needs;xdcyuaq
IWRM和案例研究xdcyuaq
•G1 : 流域机构：利益相关者参与，通过地下水和地表水联合分析改进水资源评价；xdcyuaq
•G2 : 用水者协会发展、农业节水、改善许可系统和水权、成本回收；xdcyuaq
•G3 : 用水者协会在水管理中的作用，地下水管理；xdcyuaq
•L1 : 非流域机构：利益相关者参与，改进水资源评价；xdcyuaq
•L2 : 水务局和环保局合作改进水质管理；xdcyuaq
•L3 : 通过减少渗漏等措施来改进自来水公司的节水工作，改良水价设计方案和程序以提高自来水公司的运营能力和对客户需求的响应能力。xdcyuaq
Knowledge Needed from Provincial Case Studies – Examples (1)xdcyuaq
•How to apply water resources modelling tools in water resources and demand assessmentxdcyuaq
•Identification and analysis of issues and options for river basin water resources management, use, protection and developmentxdcyuaq
•Allocation of water based on its social, economic and environmental valuesxdcyuaq
从省级案例研究所需获得的知识 － 范例1xdcyuaq
•如何在水资源评价和需求评价中应用水资源模型工具？xdcyuaq
•确定和分析流域水资源管理、利用、保护和开发中的主要问题与解决方案xdcyuaq
•基于水的社会、经济和环境价值的水量分配xdcyuaq
Knowledge Needed from Provincial Case Studies – Examples (2)xdcyuaq
•Benefit-cost analysis for river basin water resources management, protection and developmentxdcyuaq
•Communication, public consultation and participation in river basin planning and managementxdcyuaq
•Integrated surface and groundwater abstraction permitting systemsxdcyuaq
•Integrated water abstraction and waste discharge permitting systemsxdcyuaq
从省级案例研究所需获得的知识 － 范例2xdcyuaq
•流域水资源管理、保护和开发的成本效益分析xdcyuaq
•流域规划与管理中的交流、公众协商和参与xdcyuaq
•地表和地下水资源综合取水许可系统xdcyuaq
•取水和排污综合许可系统xdcyuaq
Knowledge Needed from Provincial Case Studies – Examples (3)xdcyuaq
•Design, introduction and collection of water resources feesxdcyuaq
•Water tariff setting for full cost recovery and affordabilityxdcyuaq
•Others ????xdcyuaq
从省级案例研究所需获得的知识 － 范例3xdcyuaq
•设计、引入和征收水资源费xdcyuaq
•全成本回收和可支付的水价制订xdcyuaq
•其它xdcyuaq
IWRM and Projects – International Experiencexdcyuaq
What are the main areas that can lead to failure?xdcyuaq
•Dominance of one ministry over others;xdcyuaq
•Reluctance to communicate outside one’s normal workplace;xdcyuaq
•Lack of commitment to really improve communication;xdcyuaq
•A failure to listen to stakeholders views or to act upon them;xdcyuaq
•A lack of belief that water efficiencies can be improved at that all can play a role in the process;xdcyuaq
•An unwillingness to work with farmers and some stakeholders;xdcyuaq
•An inability to persuade stakeholders to take over water management roles; xdcyuaq
•A lack of belief that poverty is an issue;xdcyuaq
•A lack of believe that the environment can be safeguarded;xdcyuaq
•A failure to recognise that there are gender issues involved;xdcyuaq
•A failure to make the effort to change one’s or an organisation’s practices;xdcyuaq
•A lack of desire to learn or adopt new approaches;xdcyuaq
•…. Not my role… APATHY!xdcyuaq
•…. COMPLACENCY!xdcyuaq
水资源综合管理与项目 – 国际经验xdcyuaq
导致失败的主要因素有哪些？xdcyuaq
•一个部委占主导优势；xdcyuaq
•不愿与自己单位以外的部门进行交流沟通；xdcyuaq
•缺乏真正改善交流沟通的承诺；xdcyuaq
•不能听取利益相关者的意见或者采纳其建议；xdcyuaq
•不相信用水效率能够通过有关各方在该过程中共同发挥作用而得到提高；xdcyuaq
•不愿意与农民及某些利益相关者一同工作；xdcyuaq
•缺乏说服利益相关者接管水资源管理职责的能力； xdcyuaq
•不相信贫困是一个值得强调的问题；xdcyuaq
•不相信环境能够被保护；xdcyuaq
•缺乏对有关性别问题的认识；xdcyuaq
•不能努力改变个人或机构的做法；xdcyuaq
•缺乏学习或采用新方法的愿望；xdcyuaq
•…. 不是我的责任… 冷漠！xdcyuaq
•…. 自满！xdcyuaq
IWRM…things for us to address:xdcyuaq
•The IWRM approach is accepted in principle internationally but is often seen as too complex, difficult to understand and poorly-focused;xdcyuaq
•By its very nature, the approach challenges existing orientations and institutional arrangements, but changing these will not be possible unless people and organisations understand and are persuaded by the need for change and the form that change will take;xdcyuaq
•The IWRM debate is too often failing to engage and convince these critical factors;xdcyuaq
•There is probably more written than practiced!xdcyuaq
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水资源综合管理…值得我们强调的几点：xdcyuaq
•尽管水资源综合管理方法受到国际上的原则认同，然而该方法通常被视为过于复杂、难于理解和重点不突出；xdcyuaq
•就水资源综合管理本身来说，该方法向现有定位和机构安排提出挑战，但是除非人们和机构能够理解，并能够被发生变革的必要性和所采取的形式说服，否则变革将不可能实现；xdcyuaq
•对水资源综合管理的争论常常以失败告终，所以很难使人采取和确信那些有争议的因素；xdcyuaq
•或许理论研究多于实践！xdcyuaq
IWRM…International lessons..for WRDMAP:xdcyuaq
•Try and keep the messages simple;xdcyuaq
•Try out the broad principles;xdcyuaq
•Try and put it into practice with the basis rather than talking so much about it in fine detail;xdcyuaq
•Focus on the short term needs but bear in mind the long term aims;xdcyuaq
•Focus on knowledge management and dissemination to gain awareness and acceptance.xdcyuaq
IWRM… 值得WRDMAP项目借鉴的国际经验教训:xdcyuaq
•尝试并保持信息简单化；xdcyuaq
•检验广泛的原则；xdcyuaq
•尝试将基本方法付诸实践，而不是就细节进行过多讨论；xdcyuaq
•重点放在短期需求上，但是记住长远目标；xdcyuaq
•将知识管理和宣传推广作为重点以增进了解和认同。xdcyuaq
IWRM Promotionxdcyuaq
IWRM宣传推广xdcyuaq
A sort of IWRM has been trialled before!xdcyuaq
类似的IWRM方法在以前就尝试过！